Biotechnology involves using living organisms, biological systems, or their derivatives to develop or modify products and processes for specific use. Here are some simple and impactful applications:
1. Agriculture
- Genetically Modified Crops (GMOs): Crops like Bt cotton and golden rice are engineered for higher yield, pest resistance, and improved nutrition.
- Tissue Culture: Used to clone disease-free and high-yield plants.
2. Medicine
- Production of Insulin: Human insulin is produced using genetically modified bacteria (like *E. coli*).
- Gene Therapy: Experimental technique that introduces healthy genes to replace defective ones in patients.
- Vaccines: Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce vaccines (e.g. Hepatitis B).
3. Industry
- Fermentation: Microorganisms are used to produce alcohol, bread, and dairy products like yogurt and cheese.
- Biofuels: Certain microbes can convert biomass into ethanol and methane for renewable energy.
4. Environment
- Bioremediation: Use of organisms (like bacteria) to clean up oil spills, heavy metals, and toxic waste.
- Waste Management: Engineered microbes can help in sewage treatment and composting.
Biotechnology continues to grow rapidly and is one of the most transformative fields in modern science.
Written by Thenura Wickramaratna